性格与退休后的幸福感有什么关系？其实，退休不仅仅关乎财务，它还是一段情感之旅。您应对这一人生阶段预期和意外挑战的方式与您的性格特征直接相关。
根据Merriam-Webster的说法，退休是“退出职位或职业或退出积极的工作生活”。值得注意的是，该词典没有提及年龄，尽管大多数政府在法律上要求一个人年满 60 至 70 岁才有资格开始领取某些退休福利。然而，只要有经济能力，任何人都可以随时退休。
由于财务状况是规划这一特定成年仪式时不可否认的基本考虑因素，许多人忽视了有助于幸福退休和适应令人满意的退休后生活的心理过程的其他因素。
退休的四个阶段
根据作家Riley Moynes 博士的说法，几乎每个退休人员（无论年龄或性格类型如何）都会经历四个退休阶段：
- 假期：每天都感觉自由
- 衰退：以深刻的失落感为特征
- 探索：重新发现自我的过程
- 重塑：恢复您的身份、目标和力量
第一阶段是不言自明的。退休后，大多数人都感觉很棒。虽然对于那些被迫退休的人来说可能并非如此，但对于那些花了数年或数十年时间预测和规划人生下一阶段的人来说，这可能是一项重大成就。
这个阶段通常以兴奋感和机会感为标志。人们度假或旅行，一头扎进自己的爱好，或者花时间放松并享受摆脱与职业相关的例行公事或责任的生活。
但最终，几乎每个人都会陷入第二阶段，而且他们很少预见到它的到来。这种自由感常常演变成失落感——失去方向、目的和身份。抑郁和焦虑在这个阶段的退休人员中很常见。关系不仅与最亲近的人发生变化，而且与他们自己的关系也发生变化。定义他们生活的工作现在已经成为过去，感觉自己失去了生活的方向可能会让人迷失方向。
有时，人们确实很难摆脱这种失落的境地。但是，随着时间的推移，大多数退休人员开始再次尝试生活。退休的第三阶段是重新调整您的生活和未来愿景的时候。现在是时候找出在世界上存在的新方式，找到每天醒来的意义和目的，并探索这个特定的生命季节带来的新身份。
只要付出一点努力和开放的心态，就有可能进入退休的第四阶段。在这里，人们再次感到自己的身份稳固，有目标，并有动力保持积极和参与生活。他们恢复了正常感，并对退休后的生活感到平静。简而言之，他们陷入了幸福之中。
性格特征如何影响退休过渡
一个人如何通过这些阶段走向幸福的退休生活（或不走向幸福的退休生活）很大程度上取决于他们的身心健康、社会关系以及他们如何管理日常生活——所有这些都在很大程度上受到性格的影响。
提供 16 种独特的、特定于性格类型的见解来了解每种特征组合如何帮助或阻碍退休后的幸福感，这超出了本文的范围。相反，我们将探讨每个人的性格特征如何影响一个人在离开职场后可能会经历的前两个心理阶段：假期和低迷期。
我们的希望是，如果您能看到路上的潜在障碍，您就可以提前计划以避免它们，并最大限度地减少在经济低迷阶段的艰难衰退中度过的时间。
如果您不确定自己的性格类型，现在是参加我们的免费性格测试来找出答案的好时机。
内向（一）
内向的人很有可能会享受退休后的相对孤独。他们可能花了数年时间来适应工作场所的个性，所以当他们不再需要这样做时，他们会感到一种受欢迎的解脱。他们会很高兴有机会更多地关注自己的爱好，并为最重要的人际关系投入更多的时间和精力。
人们可能很容易认为，内向者退休后的主要障碍是孤独，但他们真正需要警惕的是，他们倾向于沉迷于这一人生阶段经常出现的挑战。退休的内向者可能会发现自己在思考必须克服的困难或对未来前景不佳的恐惧。
Extraverted (E)
For Extraverted personality types, retirement likely presents the opportunity to finally go all out with their dreams. They are probably looking forward to traveling, trying out new hobbies, and maybe even enjoying the finer things in life. They’re likely to approach retirement with excitement and optimism, eager to embrace the opportunities for new experiences that are inherent in such a significant life change.
Some Extraverts may find themselves feeling socially disconnected, however, if many of their friends are former coworkers or colleagues they no longer see with the same frequency. The shift away from their career may also impact their sense of identity and purpose. Many people with this trait consider themselves leaders, and a leader without people to lead – or one who no longer feels needed – may find themselves floundering about and feeling lost.
Intuitive (N)
In the buildup to their retirement, people with the Intuitive trait will likely spend a fair amount of time daydreaming about everything that they want to do with their newfound freedom. This ultimate career move provides these personalities with the perfect opportunity to explore the neglected parts of their identity and lose themselves in their passions.
But Intuitive types’ tendency to create idealized, future-oriented scenarios in their mind can make the real-life experience of retirement feel like a serious letdown if it doesn’t quite meet their expectations. Just like every other phase in life, retirement doesn’t always go exactly as we imagine it.
Observant (S)
It’s unlikely that Observant personality types dedicated their working years to something that they considered frivolous or eccentric (regardless of any outside opinions to the contrary). Their sensible nature is likely evident in how they approach retirement as well. Their expectations and decisions will probably be dictated by the realities of their specific circumstances, rather than some idealized version of what they hope their retirement will be.
Yet people with this personality trait may feel frustrated if they don’t find a sense of straightforward purpose or utility in the activities that they find to fill their time postretirement. It can also be particularly difficult for people with this trait to plan for the emotional or existential challenges that come with this transition.
Thinking (T)
People with the Thinking trait find a lot of happiness in their accomplishments, but for many of them, retiring may not be a professional milestone that they’re in a big hurry to reach. All the same, thanks to their inherent sense of rational objectivity, they’re among the personality types who are more likely to be setting aside a significant portion of their current earnings – at least some of which is probably destined for life after their eventual transition out of the workforce.
Worries of social isolation or loneliness are probably a minor concern for Thinking types, which may ironically make them more vulnerable to the effects of these challenges after retiring. It may be hard for people with this trait to recognize these emotions for what they are, and it’s not exactly in their nature to regularly talk about their feelings or ask for emotional support.
Feeling (F)
Feeling personality types are keenly aware of the importance of their social connections in retirement. Their characteristic openness toward others and willingness to seek help are strengths when navigating the ups and downs of the transition into life as a retiree.
Despite their willingness to seek and accept social support, however, these types might end up feeling uncertain when adapting to life under the new conditions of retirement. Many people with the Feeling trait admit that they lack confidence when dealing with difficult situations and don’t always want to figure things out independently. This could potentially cause problems when handling important matters that factor into their health and overall well-being.
Judging (J)
Judging personality types typically appreciate the sense of predictability that comes with clear expectations and planning. People with this trait are the most likely to report that they’re actively preparing for retirement, and chances are they have clear goals for life after officially leaving the workforce.
But for Judging personalities, old habits die hard. It can be surprisingly difficult to step away from the routine of a career, no matter how long they’ve been counting down to their retirement. Many people with this trait have always dedicated a fair share of their energy to work. For some, their identity is firmly intertwined with what they do. Despite their best efforts to arrange a smooth transition, these types might be caught off guard by the massive void created by retiring.
Prospecting (P)
Prospecting types often approach retirement with the “take it as it comes” mindset that is typical of people with this personality trait. Chances are they’re eager to embark on the life of leisure that they hope to find in retirement. If they have a bucket list for this stage of life, it’s probably just a vague idea of things that they’d like to do.
For Prospecting personality types, this sense of newfound freedom might feel like a blessing, but it can also have its drawbacks. It’s not exactly in their nature to stick to a routine, carefully plan, or incorporate structure in their day-to-day lives. They may not have many clearly defined goals, but they still might find themselves feeling frustrated and struggling to accomplish the things that they know they want to do.
Assertive (-A)
Regardless of personality type, people with the Assertive trait are highly adaptable when dealing with big life changes like retirement. They’re likely to be proactive about going after their goals as retirees and to feel optimistic about their future.
The most significant risk for Assertive types may be in becoming too overconfident for their own good. They generally have a higher tolerance for risk, allowing them the confidence to pursue potentially questionable adventures, for example, or to put off crucial medical testing because they generally feel okay. In the end, this self-assurance can cross the line into imprudence, making them more susceptible to the sometimes unexpected life challenges that tend to carry harsher consequences in retirement.
Turbulent (-T)
Healthy Turbulence can be a real asset after retirement, where a certain level of vigilance can help prevent inconvenient molehills from turning into mountains. People with this personality trait tend to be more worried about their health, cautious about taking risks, and focused on safety. At this stage of life, these precautions can be downright lifesaving.
But the Turbulent trait also indicates a tendency to become stressed out or anxious, especially when facing the difficulties that are typical in the later stages of life. Turbulent types might also find themselves dwelling on their regrets or slipping into nostalgia, rather than focusing on enjoying life in the present tense despite its difficulties. Without a certain level of conscious awareness about their Turbulent tendencies, people with this trait may be among those who struggle the most to pull themselves out of the second phase of retirement.
Moving toward Happiness in Retirement
应对退休可能引发的情绪波动的最有效策略之一就是了解并预测第一个令人振奋的阶段如何（并且很可能会）转变为第二个令人沮丧的阶段。通过研究您的性格类型，可以增强这种意识，帮助您设定对退休生活的期望，并积极缓解您可能面临的常见挑战。
希望本文能为您提供一个很好的起点，让您思考退休后要注意的与性格相关的绊脚石。请记住，无论您处于人生的哪个阶段，如果您知道自己需要什么，幸福就更容易实现。如果您知道您的性格特征如何影响您理解和与周围世界互动的方式，那么您就更容易理解自己需要什么。
现在，我们来谈谈您。如果您已经退休了，您的性格如何影响您退休后的不同阶段？让我们在下面的评论中继续讨论。